Kinetic Power Plant (KPP) Technology – Technical Overview
Prepared by Deep Engineering Co.

1

Who We Are - Deep Engineering
1
Renewable Energy Project Developer
Founded 2019, HQ Erbil, branch Basra
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Core focus
Renewable generation, smart-grid retrofits, Project Planning and Development
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Multidisciplinary team
35 staff - mechanical, electrical, SCADA & project-finance engineers
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Track-record
90 MW KPP Samawah, and 300 MW KPP KRG
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Exclusive licensee & certifications
Exclusive KPP licensee for Iraq.
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Backed by investors
Regional investors, MoU portfolio with KRG totaling 300 MW KPP

2

Rosch Innovations - Technology Partner
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German R&D house
Rosch Innovations GmbH, founded 2012 in Troisdorf
2
Inventor of KPP technology
Global patent-holder of the Kinetic Power Plant (KPP®) buoyancy-drive technology
3
Global footprint
Engineering HQ in Germany, manufacturing campus in Thailand, licenses in EU, Americas & Asia
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Verified prototypes
TÜV-, DEKRA- & SGS-verified prototypes,100 kW to 500 kW Units, modeler technology scalable to 1000+MW
5
Strategic partnership
Deep Engineering appointed as master licensee (2023) for Iraq and covering the middle east market
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Collaboration & support
Joint Technical Committee coordinates design, QA/QC and training; German experts seconded to Erbil

3

1
2012
Rosch Innovations AG founded in Germany by CEO Detlef Dohmen, focusing on renewable energy.
2
2013-2015
Initial R&D of Kinetic Power Plant (KPP) technology using buoyancy principles.
Prototype testing in Germany and Serbia leads to design refinements.
3
2016
Disclosing the Patent filed in Germany (DE 10 2014 016 202 A12016.05.04)
KPP technology presented at energy conferences for investor outreach.
4
2017
Founding of Save the Planet Asia Holding Thailand, and started the construction of the R&D farm in Chon Bori Thailand
5
2019
Launching the marketing and start spreading awareness on the product
6
2021
Launching the 500KW KPP Unit, marking a significant step towards commercial readiness.
7
2022
Forming a strategic alliance with Deep Engineering as the KPP Iraqi market Exclusive Licensee and finalizing a major 300MW project partnership with the KRG in Iraq.
8
2024
Rosch Innovations preparing for potential IPO to fund expansion.
Plans to enter new markets with focus on sustainable, decentralized energy.
9
2025
Delivery of 5MW KPP Equipment for UK Project

4

KPP A New Renewable Energy Solution
Kinetic Power Plant
Innovative Power Generation
Kinetic Power Plant (KPP) is an innovative power generation system that uses buoyancy and gravity instead of fuel. It produces electricity 24/7 with no fuel, no combustion, and zero emissions.
Developed Technology
Developed by Rosch Innovations (Germany) and partners, KPP is patented and has been demonstrated in multiple countries (Germany, Thailand, etc.). It offers continuous baseload power independent of weather or external fuel.

5

KPP Air Driven Engine

6

Physics Principles Underlying KPP
Archimedes' Principle (Buoyancy)
A body submerged in a fluid experiences an upward thrust equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. In KPP, air-filled containers in water experience an upward buoyant force.
Energy Conversion
Gravitational potential energy and buoyant force do work on the system. KPP's design ensures the work done by rising floaters exceeds the energy used to inject air, yielding net positive energy output in a closed cycle.

7

Physics Principles Underlying KPP (Continued)
Gravity and Weight
Conversely, water-filled containers are heavy and pulled downward by gravity. The difference in density (air vs. water) creates a force imbalance.
Newtonian Mechanics
The net force from buoyancy and gravity causes acceleration and motion (Newton's 2nd law). KPP harnesses this motion in a continuous loop. The kinetic energy of the moving floaters is converted to mechanical rotation to drive a generator.

8

KPP System Design & Components
Water Tank (Shaft)
A vertical cylindrical water-filled shaft houses the moving components. It can be constructed above ground or sunk into the ground (minimal surface footprint). Height is chosen to fit the chain of floaters (e.g. ~22 m for full-scale units).
Floaters (Buoyancy Bodies)
Typically 66 hollow steel containers attached to an endless chain loop. When filled with air, a floater becomes buoyant and rises; when filled with water, it becomes heavy and sinks.
Endless Chain Conveyor
Two parallel chains run over upper and lower sprocket wheels (idler gears), carrying the floaters in a continuous loop. The chain transfers the combined force of buoyant floaters on one side and heavy floaters on the other side.

9

KPP System Components (Continued)
Drive Shaft & Gearbox
The chain loop turns an overhead drive shaft at the top. A gearbox connects this shaft to the generator, increasing rotation speed to the generator's rated RPM.
Generator
A low-speed permanent magnet AC generator (rated ~530 kW per module) converts mechanical rotation into electricity. For example, Deep Engineering's generator runs at 375 RPM, 400 V, 50 Hz, 95.2% efficiency. This high-efficiency generator minimizes electrical losses.
Compressed Air System
An air compressor and air storage tank (~300 L) inject compressed air into the floaters at the bottom of the tank. A pressure regulator and synchronized valve system control the air injection timing. The compressor is powered by a small portion of the generator's output.

10

KPP System Components (Final)
Valve & Snorkel Mechanism
At the lowest point of the loop, valves inject air into the submerged floaters, displacing water out through outlets. At the top, valves release the air so water can refill the floater. This ensures floaters are alternately filled with air (going up) and water (going down) in a closed loop.
Control Unit
A PLC-based control system coordinates the compressor, valves, and generator load. It maintains optimal timing so that air injection is precisely when each floater reaches the bottom and needs buoyancy. It also handles startup/shutdown sequences and safety interlocks.

11

KPP Unit Components

12

KPP 500KW Unit in Operation

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KPP Floater Rotation

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Air Injection mechanism

15

Generator Technical Overview
500 kW Brushless Low-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator.
Electrical Characteristics
  • Phase–Phase Resistance: 0.0059 Ω @ 120 °C / 0.0043 Ω @ 20 °C
  • Insulation Class: H (IEC 60034)
  • Dielectric Withstand: > 160 mA @ 2 kV
  • Insulation Resistance: > 20 MΩ
Mechanical & Construction
  • Diameter: 800 mm
  • Shaft Dia.: 138 mm
  • Housing: Cast iron
  • Bearings: SKF heavy-duty
  • Weight: 4 700 kg
  • Designed Lifetime: 20 years
  • Certification: CE-Conformity IT-031650

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Generator Technical Overview (Performance & Key Features)
High Efficiency & Overload Capability:
  • Achieve peak efficiency of 95.2% at 375 rpm.
  • Start-Up Torque: With a robust 190 Nm for reliable performance.
  • Temperature Resilience: Operates between 90°C to a maximum of 130°C.
Robust Operation
  • IP Rating: IP 54
  • Overload Curve: Handles short-term overloads per VDE / IEC 60034 standards.
  • Cold-Start & Hot-Swap Capable: Ensuring seamless operation.
Integration Benefits
  • Modular Design: Easily paralleled for scalable power needs.
  • Compact Footprint: Ideal for indoor generator halls, optimizing space.
  • Low Maintenance: Long bearing life and brushless for efficiency.
  • Remote Monitoring: Optional voltage regulator with telemetry for advanced control.

17

KPP Air Compressor System Overview
Compressor Type & Configuration
  • Type: Oil-lubricated piston-type air compressor
  • Drive Motor: High-efficiency IE3 electric motor
  • Mounting: Floor-mounted on anti-vibration feet
Performance Specifications
  • Working Pressure: 10 bar (adjustable)
  • Max Air Flow: 1.2–1.5 m³/min
  • Receiver Tank: 300 L horizontal steel air tank
  • Cycle Mode: Auto start/stop with pressure switch
Electrical Characteristics
  • Voltage/Frequency: 400 V / 50 Hz
  • Power Input: 3.5–5.5 kW (depending on mode)
  • Startup Type: Direct-on-line (DOL)
  • Overload Protection: Thermal cutout & pressure relief valve
Safety & Maintenance
  • Automatic pressure relief on overpressure
  • Moisture drain valve on receiver
Integration with KPP
  • Supplies compressed air to KPP modules for buoyancy control
  • Consumes ~ 1% of net KPP power output
  • Located next to each module for efficient pipe routing

18

KPP Water Consumption Analysis
One-Time Fill Requirement
Each 20 m deep shaft requires 30 Metric Cube of water at initial fill.
Evaporation Considerations
Indoor, underground conditions with:
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Reduced temperature swings (insulation by soil)
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Minimal air movement (warehouse)
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No direct solar heating
Evaporation Volume Calculations
Surface area per shaft: 0.2463 m²
Daily loss: 0.2463 m² × 0.00025 m = 0.0000616 m³/day (≈ 61.6 mL/day)
Monthly loss (30 days): 0.0000616 m³/day × 30 = 0.00185 m³/month (≈ 1.85 L/month)
Practical Implications
Negligible top-up water: < 2 L per month per tube
Maintenance: Quarterly inspection & top-up (≈ 6 L/tube/quarter)
Recommendation
Monitor actual site evaporation to fine-tune refilling schedule

19

How KPP Generates Power (Step-by-Step)
Air Injection at Bottom
As a floater reaches the bottom of the water column, a burst of compressed air is injected, expelling water and filling the container with air. The now lighter floater has strong buoyancy.
Buoyant Ascent
The air-filled floater rises on one side of the chain, pulled upward by the Archimedes force. Its upward thrust is transmitted via the chain to the drive shaft, helping to turn it. Multiple floaters rising together generate substantial torque.
Water Refill at Top
When the floater reaches the top of the loop, a valve releases the air. Water from the tank flows back into the container, making it heavy again.
Descent
The now water-filled floater descends on the opposite side of the loop. Its weight creates a downward force, also contributing torque to the drive shaft (gravity pull).

20

How KPP Generates Power (Continued)
Micro-bubbling
By injecting microscopic gas bubbles into the downward‐flowing leg of the KPP’s water column, the system reduces the effective density of that leg by up to 20–30%. This increases the buoyant force differential between the rising and falling sides—directly translating into more mechanical energy extracted per cycle
Continuous Rotation
The chain of floaters creates a continuous imbalance – buoyant floaters rising on one side and heavy floaters sinking on the other. This imbalance keeps the chain and drive shaft rotating continuously. The rotation is sustained as long as the cycle of air injection and release continues in sync.
Power Generation
The rotating shaft drives the generator via the gearbox. The generator produces electricity. A portion of the electricity (typically ~5%) powers the air compressor and electrical and mechanical losses, while the majority (~95%) is available as net output to the grid.
Looped System
Importantly, KPP does not consume external fuel or water in this cycle – the same water and air are reused. Aside from a small electricity draw for the compressor (self-supplied), no external energy input is needed during steady operation.

21

Scientific Validity and Patents
Physics Implementation
The KPP design directly implements well-known physics principles (buoyancy and gravity) in an innovative configuration. No laws of physics are violated – the system leverages the potential energy difference between water and air within Earth's gravity.
German Patent DE102014016202A1
Covers the buoyancy power plant design – including the endless chain of buoyant bodies, the 180° rotation points, and the method of gas injection and water displacement. The patent confirms the novelty of using alternating buoyancy and weight in a closed loop to drive a generator.
International Patents
The core technology is also patented or patent-pending internationally (e.g., related concepts appear in US patent literature). For instance, methods of using compressed air to displace weights and generate rotation are patented.
View Patent

22

Scientific Validity and Patents (Continued)
Innovation
Patented enhancements include use of micro-bubbles to reduce drag, specialized solenoid valve timing mechanisms, and variable-volume floaters for efficiency. These innovations improve the net output by minimizing losses and ensuring smooth operation.
No Hidden Energy
Extensive inspections have ruled out any hidden energy sources or "perpetual motion" trickery. Independent experts searched for concealed power feeds, batteries, or magnets and found none. The KPP's performance is attributed solely to its mechanical and fluid-dynamic design.

23

Operational and Demo Units (Thailand Facility)
Operational Demonstration
Rosch has built demonstration KPP units at its R&D facility in Thailand. Two demo units (100 kW and 500 kW) have been operational for over 2 years, continuously generating power. These units validate the technology at scale.
100 kW KPP
Installed in 2015/2016, this smaller unit demonstrated self-running operation. It uses the same principles (with ~102 floaters) and achieved net excess power output in testing. It has been used to power part of the R&D site and an external load of lights and heaters.

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Operational Unit
500 kW KPP
A larger module showcasing the full 0.5 MW design. Multiple 500 kW modules can be linked for multi-megawatt plants. The 500 kW demo has run in Thailand, proving scalability. Observers have witnessed it producing sustained power and feeding the grid on-site.
Independent Operation
Both units operate independently of the grid (once started, they do not require external power input). In Thailand, they have provided reliable power output, even being used as a test-bed for long-term performance and maintenance data.

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KPP Global Project Portfolio
Thailand – 100 kW Demo Unit
Fully functional and open for site visits
Thailand – 500 kW Grid-Connected Unit
Successfully synchronized with local grid
Active Projects by Region
Iraq 🇮🇶
300 MW – Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)
Ministry of Electricity | Breakdown:
  • 100 MW – Erbil
  • 100 MW – Zakho
  • 50 MW – Sulaymaniyah
  • 100 MW – Sulaymaniyah
90 MW – Samawah (Federal License)
United Kingdom 🇬🇧
5 MW – Under Construction
First deployment in Western Europe
Germany 🇩🇪
Project in development (details confidential)
Kenya 🇰🇪
  • Approved by Ministry of Electricity
  • First African deployment underway
R&D + Performance Validation (Thailand Demo Facility)
  • Open to clients
  • 3rd-party testable
  • Covered by global insurance warranty

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Manufacturing
Production & Manufacturing
The KPP components are produced with industrial-grade materials. Key parts (generator, compressor, valves) are standard, while floaters and frame are custom-fabricated. The steel work is done in Thailand by MRP Engineering company, while the core equipment is sourced from international companies built on OEM specifications specifically for Rosch Innovations. The Thailand facility doubles as a manufacturing and assembly site for future KPP deployments, ensuring the design is ready for commercial production.

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Independent Performance Test – WTLab S.r.l.
Test Overview
Laboratory: WTLab S.r.l. (Italy)
Report No.: SFY01 14WC031002
Date: 20-12-2014
Scope: Internal performance verification of a Prototype 250W KPP prototype under self-sustaining conditions
Test Setup
Operating Modes:
Mode 1 (Full Load): Generator driving compressor + heating resistor
Mode 2 (Partial Load): Reduced air injection (throttled compressor)
Measuring Equipment:
Power Quality Analyzer "Chauvin Arnoux CA8331"
Precision: Voltage ±(0.5% +200 mV) / Current ±(0.5% +3 A)
Conclusions
Self-Sufficiency: Unit ran autonomously in all test modes
Performance: Verified net positive energy output under both full and partial-load conditions
Next Steps: Integration with grid-tie inverter for live demonstration

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Third-Party Validation – DEKRA Certification
DEKRA (Germany) – 2016
An earlier long-duration test was done by DEKRA on a KPP system. DEKRA engineers instrumented the generator output, compressor input, and load over 5.5 hours.
Autarkic Operation
The KPP system ran completely autonomously with no external power during the entire measurement period. All power for the compressor came from the generator itself.
Net Energy Output
Over 5.5 hours, the KPP produced about 300 kWh of energy, all of which was delivered to an electrical load (resistive heaters). This equates to a continuous output of ~54.5 kW delivered to the load, while simultaneously sustaining its own operation.
Power Quality
DEKRA recorded detailed power quality parameters (voltage, current harmonics, frequency stability) and provided standard EN 50160 reports. The KPP met grid quality standards for voltage and frequency, indicating it can be safely integrated into the grid without issues.

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Third-Party Validation – TÜV Nord Technical Inspection (Nov 2021)
Self-Sustaining Operation (Operating Status 1)
Mode: Full-power, isolated operation (no grid connection)
Generator output (avg): 90.30 kW
Compressor load (avg): 3.50 kW
Surplus to resistor (avg): 86.57 kW
Input/Output ratio: 1 : 25.8
Partial-Load Operation (Operating Status 2)
Mode: Reduced air injection, isolated
Generator output (avg): 49.69 kW
Compressor load (avg): 3.64 kW
Surplus to resistor (avg): 45.32 kW
Island Operation with Farm Load (Operating Status 3)
Mode: Self-sufficient, also powering on-site R&D farm
Generator output (avg): 57.66 kW
Compressor load (avg): 3.64 kW
Farm consumption (avg): 7.96 kW
Surplus to resistor (avg): 45.32 kW
Frequency & Power Quality
Measured range: 49.89 – 50.63 Hz
Conclusion: Stable, grid-compatible output
Key Takeaway: All three test modes confirmed the KPP unit's ability to run autonomously—driving its own compressor and auxiliary loads—while delivering a substantial net surplus of clean electrical power.

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Third-Party Validation – SGS Test Report
1
SGS (Iraq) — 2022 Field Audit
SGS inspectors performed an on‑site performance evaluation of a 100 kW KPP unit installed at the Kurdistan R&D farm. Measurements were taken in island mode and at part‑load to verify net energy balance, frequency stability and component temperatures.
2
Self-Sustaining Operation
In “Status A” (full‑power, off‑grid), the KPP delivered an average 89.9 kW while powering its own 2.2 kW compressor. Net export ≈ 87 kW to a resistive load, confirming autonomous excess‑energy production with zero grid input.
3
Partial Load Tests
At ~50 % injection (“Status B”), generator output averaged 58.2 kW, compressor demand remained 2.2 kW, leaving a 54.6 kW surplus. Unit remained stable, proving the system can be throttled down and still stay self‑sustaining.
4
Frequency & Quality
Generator frequency held between 49.9 – 50.2 Hz, line‑to‑line voltage within ±3 % of 400 V (pf 0.95‑1.0). SGS marked power quality “satisfactory,” indicating suitability for direct grid coupling.

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Performance Data and Efficiency
Energy Balance: In a typical 100 kW module, around 10–15 kW is used to run the compressor and mechanical losses, leaving ~85–90 kW net output. The overall system efficiency (output/(output+compressor)) can exceed 85%. The generator itself is ~95% efficient, and the rest of the losses are minor mechanical and fluid losses.
Measurement Example: For one test, Generated Power = 14.42 kW, Compressor Power = 1.40 kW, Losses (friction, etc.) = 1.15 kW. Net output = 14.42 – 1.40 – 1.15 = ~11.86 kW (82% net efficiency). This aligns closely with theoretical calculations of buoyant force and work done.

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Performance Data and Efficiency 100KW

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Performance of 100 kW KPP Demo (Nov 2020–May 2021)
1
Daily Output Stability
Range: ~1,800–2,250 kW per day
Mean: ≈2,050 kW/day
Variability: ±10% around the mean, reflecting load swings
Observation: No significant downward drift—system delivers consistently
2
Cumulative & Trend
Linear trend line shows a slight declining slope (~–1 kW/day)
Interpretation: Minor seasonal or operational effects—overall flat performance
Average bar height: ~1,950 kW/day
3
Key Takeaways
  • High Reliability: 190 days of uninterrupted operation with minimal output swing.
  • Stable Self-Sustaining: Consistently above 1,900 kW/day—validates continuous net surplus.
  • Predictable Output: Trend line nearly flat, ideal for capacity planning.
Source: Save The Planet Asia Holding Ltd. performance logs, Nov 2020–May 2021

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Performance Data and Efficiency 500KW

35

Performance Data and Efficiency (Graph Analysis)

36

Performance Data and Efficiency (Continued)

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Performance Data and Efficiency (Continued)
Long-Term Generation
Data from the Thailand operational plant over 2 years indicates consistent performance. The KPP can run continuously; any routine stops (for maintenance) are brief. A 100 kW unit can produce on the order of 876,000 kWh per year (if running full power 24/7), which has been nearly achieved in practice, minus small downtime.
Scaling Efficiency
Larger modules (e.g., 500 kW) are expected to have similar or better efficiency due to economies of scale (the compressor power does not increase linearly with generator size). Indeed, KPP modules are modular with 20% to 40% extra capacity built-in for back-up and reliability.
Theoretical Analysis
Independent engineers have analyzed KPP using physics formulas and found the outputs to be consistent with calculations when factoring in known improvements (e.g., reduced drag, efficient valves). While the concept is counter-intuitive, the math shows that careful use of buoyancy can indeed yield net positive energy when the system is designed to minimize losses and cleverly reuse energy.

38

Module Specifications and Site Requirements
Module Size
Each KPP module is nominally 500 kW (0.5 MW) capacity. A module consists of one water shaft with 66 floaters and associated equipment. Modules can operate independently or in parallel for higher output.
Footprint
KPP has a very compact footprint. Approximately <200 m² of area per 1 MW is needed. For comparison, solar PV farms need ~10,000 to 12,000 m² per 1 MW and wind turbines ~10,000 m² per 1 MW (including spacing "non-exclusive). KPP's equipment to be installed indoors and underground, leaving little visible impact.
Vertical Shaft Depth
A full-scale KPP module requires a shaft depth of roughly 20 m (to accommodate the chain of floaters). This can be achieved by digging a shaft of the same depth and diameter of 1.7 m. Around 1 m of the shaft will remain above ground.

39

Module Specifications and Site Requirements (Continued)

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Module Specifications and Site Requirements (Continued)
Infrastructure Needs
Site requires a small control room and maintenance access (hoist/crane for floater or chain inspection/replacement).
Cooling and Water
Closed-loop system requires only initial water fill and occasional top-up. Standard air cooling for generator and compressor with no large cooling towers needed.
Noise and Environment
Operation is quiet (<60 dB with housing), comparable to HVAC systems. Zero emissions make KPP suitable for urban/suburban settings.
Construction
Installation is quick - civil works followed by mechanical assembly. A 5 MW plant (10 units) can be completed within 6 months, far faster than conventional plants.

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5MW KPP Generation Hall Drawing

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Environmental and Operational Benefits
Zero Emissions
KPP produces electricity with absolutely no greenhouse gas emissions and no air pollutants. It burns no fuel, so it emits no CO₂, NOₓ, SO₂, or particulate matter. This makes it one of the cleanest energy sources available.
No Fuel Supply Chain
KPP needs no diesel, gas, or coal deliveries – eliminating fuel costs and fuel transportation logistics. This also means no risk of fuel price volatility or supply disruption. Energy is generated on-site from ambient resources (air and gravity).
Minimal Environmental Footprint
Unlike solar or wind, KPP does not require large land areas or alteration of natural landscapes. It can be built on a small plot, even in populated areas, with negligible visual impact.
No Waste or Pollution
KPP uses water and air in a closed system. There are no toxic materials consumed or produced. This avoids issues like battery disposal or solar panel recycling at end-of-life. The main components (steel, machinery) have long lifespans and are recyclable or refurbishable.

43

Environmental and Operational Benefits (Continued)
Low Noise & Vibration
Operation is smooth and quiet. This makes KPP suitable for installation near residential areas or within existing facilities. It can run around the clock without disturbance – a stark contrast to diesel generators often used for backup power (which are noisy and polluting).
Operational Safety
No combustion means reduced fire hazard. The system operates at moderate pressures (the air injection pressure is manageable and the tank is built to standard codes). Automated controls and safety valves prevent any over-pressure. Overall, the risk profile is low, similar to a standard industrial compressor system coupled with electrical equipment.

44

Grid Integration and Reliability
Continuous Baseload Power
Each KPP module provides steady output power. Unlike solar or wind, which are intermittent, KPP can deliver full power 24 hours a day regardless of weather. This makes it very valuable for grid stability and meeting base demand.
High Availability
With redundant capacity (20 - 40% headroom) built into each module, KPP plants are designed for >97% uptime. Maintenance can be scheduled in staggered fashion so that other modules carry the load. There is no seasonal variability – planned downtime is the only time output stops.
Load Following
While KPP is typically used at constant output, it can be controlled to adjust output if needed. By varying the rate of air injection (and thus number of floaters filled with air), output can be modulated.
Grid Connection
The KPP generator produces standard AC power (400 V, 50 Hz or per spec) that can be stepped up with transformers and fed into the grid. Power quality testing (harmonics, voltage regulation) shows it meets utility standards.

45

Grid Integration and Reliability (Continued)
Robust Grid Connection
The 5 MW KPP substation features high-speed SF₆ circuit breakers and sectionalised 33 kV busbars to ensure fast fault clearance and minimal impact on neighboring feeders.
Reactive Power Compensation
The integrated 1 MVAr shunt capacitor bank and breaker-protected detuned reactor keep the power factor above 0.98, reducing system losses.
Reliable Auxiliary Supplies
Auxiliary services are fed via a dedicated 250 kVA transformer and backed by 110 V DC batteries for relay and control room reliability.
1
Advanced Protection & Control
2
IEC 61850-Compliant Numerical Relays
3
Transformer Differential, Overcurrent, Earth-Fault
4
Synch-Check for Generator Interlock
Metering and SCADA
Revenue-class metering CT/VTs are wired to the customer billing meter. A SCADA interface provides remote monitoring, telemetry, and load-shedding logic.

46

Single Line Diagram (SLD) for 6 MVA Substation

47

SLD Key Components
Power Transformers
1 × 132/33kV, 10MVA, Dyn11
Type: ONAN/ONAF cooled
Duty: Step-up from 33kV to 132kV
Generator Connection
Generator buses connected to 33kV switchgear
Multiple feeders connected to capacitor bank and auxiliary systems
132kV Switchyard
Circuit Breakers (40kA, 1s)
Busbar Disconnecting Switches
Lightning Arresters
Voltage & Current Transformers
33kV Switchgear
Rated 36kV, 630–1250A, 31.5kA short circuit
CTs: Class 5P20, 1Fs5
VT and metering circuits present
Protection: OC/EF, metering, synchronizers
Capacitor Bank
2 MVAR (in steps)
Automatic VAR controller / SVC
Auxiliary Transformer
33/0.4kV, 400kVA
Feeds LV systems including:
  • AC distribution board
  • 110VDC charger & DC distribution
  • Battery bank

48

SLD Key Components
Grid Interface
Termination at 132kV Overhead Lines (OHL #1 and #2)
Equipped with droppers, metering, and synchronizing control
Protection & Metering
Current transformers with dual cores for protection and metering
Synchronizers, metering relays, and backup protection (OC/EF)
Busbar and transformer protection schemes
Grid Compliance
System rated for:
  • 50 Hz
  • Highest voltage: 132kV
  • Lightning Impulse: 650kV
  • Short-Circuit Withstand: 40kA for 1sec
  • Supports NER grounding and transformer star-point isolation
Design Notes
The layout ensures clear separation of incoming feeders, metering, capacitor banks, and transformer feeders.
Notes highlight flow direction to/from generation hall and need for load flow logic control.

49

System Architecture
Generation Source
  • 6MW modular Kinetic Power Plant (KPP)
Voltage Step-up Pathway
  • From Generator Bus: 0.4kV → 33kV via internal transformers
  • Main Transformer: 33kV → 132kV (1×10MVA, ONAN/ONAF cooled)
Grid Interconnect
  • 132kV Overhead Line Termination (OHL #1 and OHL #2)
Power Transformer
  • 132/33kV, 10 MVA, Dyn11.
Switchgear (33kV)
  • 36kV, 1250A, 31.5kA, CTs (5P20) + VTs
Switchgear (132kV)
  • CB 40kA, LA, CTs, Disconnects
Capacitor Bank
  • 2 MVAR, step-controlled w/ VAR controller
Auxiliary Transformer
  • 33/0.4kV, 400kVA for LV & DC systems
Protection & Monitoring
  • Relay protection (OC/EF, metering, backup)
  • Synchronizing units for safe grid tie-in
  • Grounding: NER + transformer neutral isolation
  • Instrument transformers for real-time monitoring
Operational Features
  • Modular generator bus structure
  • Load flow control logic included
  • Suitable for mobile substation deployment
  • Full grid compliance

50

Grid Integration and Reliability (Continued)
Black Start Capability
Since KPP can start with a small generator to run the compressor initially and then sustain itself, it can be configured for black start (starting up and supplying power to a dead grid). Once running, it can bootstrap other units. This capability is useful for grid resilience.
Integration with Renewables
KPP complements solar and wind by providing reliable power when those sources are not available. It can effectively work as a renewable baseload or as backup to cover dips in solar/wind output, contributing to grid stability and reducing the need for fossil fuel Peaker plants.

51

Cost Comparison with Conventional Power
Economic Advantage
One of KPP's most compelling advantages is its low cost of electricity production. Without fuel costs and with low maintenance, KPP's levelized cost is extremely competitive.
Fuel Costs
Oil-fired and gas power plants spend heavily on fuel. By contrast, KPP's "fuel" (air and gravity) is free.
Operating & Maintenance (O&M) Costs
KPP has relatively simple maintenance – mainly mechanical upkeep (chains, bearings) and standard servicing of compressor and generator. No fuel handling, no combustion by-products cleanup, and fewer moving parts than a thermal plant. This translates to much lower O&M expenses.
Lifetime
KPP modules are designed for a 20-year lifetime (extendable with refurbishments), similar or better than gas turbines (which often require major overhauls) and far better than batteries (which may need replacement in 5-10 years). The long life spreads capital costs over many years of generation.

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Cost Comparison with Conventional Power (Continued)
~$0.02
KPP Cost per kWh
Levelized cost of energy
~$0.10
Gas Power Cost
Utility-scale gas generation
~$0.20
Diesel Generator Cost
Typical diesel generation
Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE): Considering capital, O&M, and lifespan, KPP's LCOE is projected around $20 per MWh (2 cents/kWh) or even lower. This is significantly cheaper than conventional sources in Iraq. For example, diesel generators produce power around $210/MWh and gas turbines around $110/MWh (including fuel) as per local data. Even solar PV with battery storage can be around $75/MWh. KPP's ~$20/MWh is a game-changer.

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Cost per MWh – KPP vs Other Sources
Estimated Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) for different power generation options. KPP's cost is dramatically lower due to zero fuel cost and low O&M. (Oil thermal and gas plant costs include fuel at current prices; Solar includes battery storage for 24/7 availability. KPP data from Ki-Tech/Deep Eng.)

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Cost Advantages of KPP
No Fuel Expense
Over 20 years, a 1 MW diesel plant could spend tens of millions on fuel; KPP spends $0 on fuel. This makes KPP's cost largely upfront CAPEX and minor O&M, yielding a very low LCOE.
Maintenance Savings
KPP's simple design leads to O&M costs of only a few dollars per MWh, compared to dozens of $/MWh for conventional plants (which require fuel handling, burner maintenance, etc.). For instance, O&M for oil plant adds ~$60/MWh while KPP's O&M is ~$7/MWh.
Competitive with Solar/Wind
Even against solar PV (which has no fuel cost), KPP competes well once you include energy storage. Solar farms need batteries or backup to provide round-the-clock power, which raises their effective cost. KPP provides inherently stored energy via its design. Thus KPP can deliver 24/7 power at lower cost than solar + battery systems.

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Comparison to Battery Storage
Role of Batteries
Batteries are often proposed to store renewable energy for off-peak times, but large-scale batteries are expensive and have limited life. KPP can be seen as an alternative to massive battery farms, by directly generating steady power.
Cost and Life
Battery systems delivering similar energy (like a 1 MW for 5 hours = 5 MWh system) can cost millions and need replacement every few years. KPP provides continuous energy without replacement cycles, at a fraction of the cost per kWh.
Efficiency
Battery round-trip efficiency ~85-90%. KPP's "round-trip" (using some energy to run itself) similarly leaves ~85-90% for output. But KPP's output is continuous, not just stored and outputted—this makes it more like a power source than storage.

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Scalability and Modular Deployment
Scalable Plant Size
KPP units can be combined to achieve the desired capacity. The technology has been engineered for modular deployment in 500 kW blocks. Deep Engineering and partners offer KPP plants from a few megawatts up to 100+ MW by paralleling modules.
Large Projects
Designs exist for installations of 5 MW, 40 MW, 100 MW or more, comprised of multiple standard modules. For example, a 40 MW plant might have 80 modules of 0.5 MW each, grouped in clusters. The modules operate in unison, managed by a central control for load balancing.
Distributed Generation
Because of its compact size and safety, KPP can be deployed near load centers. Instead of one large 100 MW power station, KPP units could be distributed across a city, feeding local substations – reducing transmission losses and improving resilience.

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Scalability and Modular Deployment (Continued)
Fast Installation
The modular design allows for incremental expansion by adding units as needed. This "build as you need" approach offers greater flexibility than conventional plants that require significant upfront capacity investment.
Integration with Existing Infrastructure
KPP plants can utilize existing power facility sites or industrial lands, leveraging established grid connections. Their compact size enables versatile placement options, including integration within building structures to provide localized power generation.

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Projects in Kurdistan Region, Iraq (Deep Engineering)
KPP in KRG
Deep Engineering Co. has initiated KPP power projects totaling 300 MW in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Four sites are planned: Zakho (100 MW), Soran (100 MW), Raparin (50 MW), and Garmian (50 MW).
Project Status
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) has been signed with the Ministry of Electricity (KRG) to buy the output from these plants. The PPA has high-level support, endorsed by the Minister of Finance and the Prime Minister's office, indicating strong government commitment.
Site Selection
The KPP plant sites are strategically located near connection point to facilitate easy grid connection. Each site is close to main roads and cities (within ~1 km) for accessibility. The land allocated is sufficient for current capacity and future expansions.

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Projects in Kurdistan Region, Iraq (Continued)
Design
Plants feature modern designs with minimal environmental footprint, preserving surrounding green spaces. KPP units will be housed in structures that blend with the natural environment.
Ongoing Work
Engineering and permitting are in progress with local workforce training underway. Each 100 MW site will deploy ~200 KPP modules, marking the first major installation of this technology in the Middle East.
Strategic Importance
Once operational, these projects will reduce dependence on diesel generators and imported electricity. The 300 MW capacity will power hundreds of thousands of homes with clean energy while positioning us as an early adopter of innovative renewable technology.

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Strategic Alignment with Energy Goals
Energy Independence
Reducing reliance on imported power
Environmental Commitments
Meeting climate goals with zero-emission power
Increasing Generation Capacity
Rapidly deploying modular power plants
Reducing Fuel Dependency
Freeing valuable oil and gas for export

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Strategic Alignment with Energy Goals (Continued)
24/7 Reliable Power
  • Citizens currently rely on private diesel generators due to inconsistent power supply.
  • KPP's continuous output can replace polluting generators and improve base supply.
  • Results in cleaner air, less noise, and improved quality of life in urban areas.
Employment and Local Industry
  • KPP plants create jobs in construction and operations.
  • Enables local manufacturing of components like steel fabrication for tanks and frames.
  • Potential for becoming a regional hub for KPP technology and expertise.
Flexible Deployment
  • Because each KPP unit is fully modular, installations can be distributed across a region—whether clustered on a single site or scattered closer to end-users—drastically cutting down on long-distance transmission losses and boosting overall system resilience.
  • Ensures power continuity across varied applications.
  • Supports sustainable development goals for nationwide reliable electrification, particularly in remote areas.

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Conclusion: KPP – A Transformative Green Power Technology
Proven Innovation
KPP technology has evolved from concept to reality with TÜV, SGS & DEKRA validations confirming its performance. This breakthrough harnesses fundamental physical forces to deliver continuous power without fuel consumption.
Technical Readiness
Ready for commercial deployment with industrial-grade components, KPP has been refined through extensive R&D. Its validated grid integration creates a turnkey solution for utility-scale implementation.
Economic Benefits
With exceptionally low generation costs, KPP saves billions in fuel expenses and subsidies while providing affordable electricity that stimulates economic growth and reduces government expenditure.

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Conclusion: KPP – A Transformative Green Power Technology (Continued)
Environmental Leadership
Adopting KPP puts us at the forefront of renewable energy innovation. It directly addresses climate and pollution issues while delivering reliable power – showcasing a path to sustainable development that other nations can follow.
Strategic Deployment
The planned KPP projects in Iraq will be closely watched globally. Success in Kurdistan will pave the way for expansion across Iraq and the region. KPP can become a cornerstone of country's power infrastructure, alongside solar, gas, and other sources, each used where they perform best.

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Summary of KPP Benefits
Zero Emissions
Small Footprint
24/7 Operation
Modularity
No Fuel
Low Maintenance
KPP offers a unique combination of benefits: zero emissions, small footprint, 24/7 operation, modularity, no fuel requirements, and low maintenance costs. This makes it an ideal solution for energy needs.

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KPP Technical Specifications Summary

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KPP Economic Specifications Summary

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Next Steps
Site Assessment
Evaluate potential locations for KPP installations based on grid connection points, land availability, and proximity to load centers.
Regulatory Framework
Develop power purchase agreements (PPAs) and regulatory frameworks to facilitate KPP deployment.
KPP Implementation
Oversee the construction and installation of KPP plants. Coordinate with technical partners for equipment delivery, installation, and commissioning to ensure timely project execution.
Capacity Building
Initiate training programs for local engineers and technicians to operate and maintain KPP systems. .

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Contact Information
Deep Engineering for general trading and technology Ltd.
Email: info@deepengineering.co
Phone: +964 751 466 3879 | +964 773 033 3879

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